These are my favorite spring blooms for zone 5 gardens
17. Foxglove, Digitalis Purpurea
Foxglove, or Digitalis purpurea, is an herbaceous biennial commonly used for their striking, bell-shaped flowers that grow on a tall spike. They are native to Europe, western Asia, and northwestern Africa.
Its tubular flowers come in shades of pink, purple, and white, often speckled inside, and are a magnet for bees. Foxglove plants can reach heights of 2-5 feet or more, depending on the species and growing conditions. The leaves are large, dark green, veined, and covered with small hairs, and form a rosette at the base of the plant in the first year, sending up the flower spike in the second year (if it's a biennial type).
So why is the beloved foxglove so low on my list? Because it doesn't do very well in my garden. I suspect that the dry soil is part of the problem. I've grown the Camelot series, 'Pam's Choice,' 'Dalmation Peach,' and 'Cafe Creme.' Unfortunately, they just haven't been able to self-sow to sustain the population, which means I have to grow them from seed every year.
I don't mind growing digitalis from seed, but grower beware: the seeds are tiny, take a long time to germinate, and take an even longer time to mature.
They prefer well-drained, moist soil, and do best in partial sun to partial shade, but they can tolerate a variety of conditions, including full sun with enough moisture. Foxgloves are often used in borders, cottage gardens, or woodland gardens for their dramatic height and lovely blooms.
16. Western Meadow Rue, Thalictrum occidentale
Western Meadow Rue, scientifically known as Thalictrum occidentale, is a perennial native to North America. It's found in a wide range of habitats including woodlands, meadows, and along stream banks, primarily in the western parts of the continent.
The plant typically grows to about 2-3 feet in height in bloom. The foliage is delicate and columbine-like, adding a soft texture to the garden. It produces small, tassle-like ruby flowers in the spring, usually May through June.
It's cited that thalictrum occidentale prefers moist, well-drained soils, but it is just fine in my relatively dry (22 inches of rain per year), heavy soil. It seems to prefer dappled sun to dappled shade, making it especially effective for filling space in the back of the border.
Watch out! This bugger spreads. I don't mind since it is the native variety that grows freely in our forest, but beware if you garden in regions where this plant isn't native.
15. Grape hyacinths, Muscari armeniacum
Grape Hyacinths, known scientifically as Muscari, are a group of perennial bulbous plants named for their clusters of small, bell-shaped, cobalt-blue flowers that resemble bunches of grapes. Native to the Old World, including the Mediterranean basin, central and southern Europe, northern Africa, and western, central, and southwest Asia, these plants have been widely cultivated and naturalized in other parts of the world.
I grow Muscari armeniacum, including the straight species, 'Valerie Finnis,' and a white variety. I also attempted to grow Muscari latifolium 'Grape Ice' (middle photo) but it failed to perennialize. In my experience, the ameniacum varieties do best.
Muscari plants typically grow 6 to 10 inches tall, making them excellent for use in borders, rock gardens, under shrubs and trees, or naturalized in lawns. They are especially effective when planted in large drifts, where their vibrant colors can make a significant impact. Let the foliage die back naturally.
14. Bleeding Heart, Lamprocapnos spectabilis
Bleeding Hearts, known scientifically as Lamprocapnos spectabilis (previously Dicentra spectabilis), are an old-school perennial known for their arching sprays of heart-shaped flowers. These charming plants are native to eastern Asia, including Siberia, northern China, Korea and Japan.
The flowers are bizarre, with a shape that resembles a heart with a single droplet falling from it, thus earning its common name. These blossoms are usually a bright pink or red, but can also come in white or bicolor variations, depending on the cultivar. They typically bloom in late spring, providing a delicate and romantic aesthetic to the garden.
Bleeding Hearts grow best in cool, moist, and shady locations, although most of mine do not get supplemental water. They combine well with other shade-loving perennials like ferns, hostas, and Solomon's seal.
These plants typically grow 1-3 feet tall and wide, although this can vary depending on growing conditions and variety. If the plants are in a sunnier spot they will die back to the ground in the summer heat. But those in full shade will stick around to fall.
Bleeding hearts are pest and disease free and a popular pass-along plant. Despite their commonness I look forward to seeing them bloom every spring. A new variety I am interested in growing the alpine varieties, also called the fern-leafed bleeding heart. They are supposedly full sun, drought tolerant plants with really cool foliage.
13. Coral Bells, Heuchera sanguinea
Heuchera, commonly known as coral bells, is a genus of evergreen or semi-evergreen perennials that is native to North America. They're beloved by gardeners for their low-growing, mounding habit and their spectacular foliage, which can range from vibrant green to deep purple to fiery red, often with interesting patterns and textures.
The leaves of heuchera are rounded, lobed, hairy, and quite beautiful. Depending on the variety, the foliage can display a range of colors including bronze, purple, silver, and variegations in between. This diverse color palette makes them a great choice for adding a splash of color to shaded areas of the garden.
In late spring to early summer, heucheras produce small, bell-shaped flowers on tall, slender stalks that rise above the foliage. While the flowers are generally quite small, they are usually abundant and can add a lovely delicate touch to the garden. The flower color can be white, pink, red, or coral, hence the common name, "coral bells".
Heucheras prefer partial shade but can apparently tolerate more sun in cooler climates. I have a few planted in morning sun, and we'll see how they do through August.
They do best in well-drained, humus-rich soils. These plants are generally hardy and can survive in a wide range of temperatures, with some varieties being more heat- or cold-tolerant than others.
Heucheras can be expensive, and that's why I grew a bunch from seed a few years ago. If you take this route you won't get the crazy colors heuchera is known for, but my seedlings consistently came out a dark burgundy and variegated green and white.
12. Daffodil, Narcissus
Daffodils, also known by their botanical name Narcissus, are heralds of spring known for their bright, cheery blooms. These perennial bulbs belong to the Amaryllidaceae family and are native to Europe, North Africa, and Asia. However, they have been widely cultivated and naturalized across the globe due to their popularity in gardens.
Daffodils produce tall, linear leaves that form a backdrop to their star attraction: the flowers. The blossoms are typically characterized by a central trumpet or cup (corona) surrounded by six petals (perianth), forming a structure that is often likened to a star within a star. However, depending on the variety, the flowers can take on different forms, including double blooms, tiny "hoop petticoat" shapes, and more.
These hardy flowers prefer a location with full sun or at least half a day of sunlight. They're not particularly fussy about soil but do prefer it to be well-draining, as the bulbs can rot in waterlogged ground. Let the foliage die back naturally.
11. Crocus
Crocus is a genus of perennial flowering plants in the iris family that is native to a broad area spanning from central and southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, across Central Asia to western China.
There are about 80 species of crocus, but the most commonly planted are the spring-blooming varieties such as Crocus tommasinianus.
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Crocus flowers are cup-shaped and come in a variety of colors, including purple, lavender, blue, yellow, and white, often with contrasting color patterns. The flowers are generally small but can be quite showy, especially since they often bloom when few other plants are flowering. The blossoms open up in sunshine and close in the evening or during dull weather.
These plants prefer well-draining soil and full to partial sunlight. While they can tolerate a variety of soil types, they do best in sandy or gritty soil, and they appreciate a bit of compost or bone meal mixed in at planting time to provide nutrients. The corms should be planted in the fall for spring-blooming species or in late summer for fall-blooming species.
They haven't naturalized in my garden, but they do come back year after year.
10. Rock Clematis, Clematis columbiana var. tenuiloba
Rock Clematis, known scientifically as Clematis columbiana, is a climbing perennial vine native to western North America. It is part of the Ranunculaceae family, which also includes anemones, buttercups, and other clematis species.
Rock Clematis is most commonly found in the rocky foothills and mountains of the western United States and Canada, hence its name. It is adapted to a wide range of habitats, including woodlands, grasslands, and alpine regions.
I don't grow this plant (yet), but I'm going to next year. I love the bell-shaped flowers and how they hang down from the stems, unlike many other clematis species whose flowers stand upright.
Rock Clematis typically blooms from late spring to early summer, depending on the climate and specific growing conditions. The plant is dioecious, meaning that individual plants are either male or female.
This species of clematis prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It can tolerate some drought but appreciates regular watering during hot, dry periods.
9. Viola cornuta
Violas are a genus of flowering plants in the violet family, Violaceae. They are one of the staples of the cool season garden, often filling landscapes with vibrant color in spring. The genus Viola is large, including about 500 species, and is found in diverse habitats worldwide, from meadows to mountainsides.
One of the most well-known types of viola is the pansy. However, the term 'viola' generally refers to the smaller-flowered types, which include Viola tricolor (Johnny-jump-up or wild pansy), Viola cornuta (horned violet), and many others.
This year I'm growing viola cornuta 'bunny ears', and so far it's been a really great plant. Despite the heat, they are still blooming well in mid-June.
Despite their delicate appearance, violas are hard-working and durable flowers that can provide a reliable display of color in the garden when many other plants are dormant. They're beloved for their cheerful flowers and their ability to brighten up a garden during the cooler months of the year.
8. Hellebore
Hellebores, also known as Lenten roses or Christmas roses, belong to the genus Helleborus in the Ranunculaceae family. This genus includes about 20 species of perennial plants, native to regions of Europe and Asia. Hellebores are particularly noted for their early spring blooming period, often blossoming when snow is still on the ground in their native habitats.
Hellebore flowers have a distinctively elegant appearance. The blooms may be single or double, and they come in a variety of colors including white, green, pink, purple, cream, and even almost-black. Some varieties have speckles or streaks. The blossoms, which can last for several weeks, are generally cup-shaped or somewhat similar to a rose, which is the reason for their common names "Lenten rose" and "Christmas rose", despite the fact that they are not actually related to roses.
The foliage of hellebores is equally attractive, typically comprising dark green, glossy leaves that remain evergreen in many climates, adding year-round interest to the garden. The leaves are often palmately divided into segments.
Hellebores prefer a shady or partially shady location, making them excellent choices for woodland gardens or underplantings beneath taller trees and shrubs. They thrive in well-drained soil rich in organic matter, and once established, they are quite drought-tolerant, making them a reliable and low-maintenance choice for many gardeners.
They don't like to be moved after being planted, so choose a good spot.
7. Rock Iris, Iris reticulata
Iris reticulata, also known as the reticulated iris or the netted iris, is a species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae. This iris is native to Russia, the Caucasus, and northern Iran, but it has been cultivated widely for its beautiful, early spring flowers and its hardiness in a range of climates.
Iris reticulata is a bulbous perennial, meaning it grows from a bulb-like structure underground. The term "reticulata" refers to the net-like skin or tunic that covers the bulb, a characteristic feature of this species.
Iris reticulata is a small plant, typically reaching only 4 to 6 inches in height. Despite its small size, it can have a big impact in the garden thanks to its vibrant and fragrant blooms. The flowers are larger in proportion to the plant's height, usually a rich, deep blue or purple with a yellow or gold crest on the falls (the three lower petals that droop downwards). There are also cultivars with white, yellow, or purple blooms.
Iris reticulata prefers a location with full sun to light shade and well-drained soil. Like many bulbous plants, it does not like to sit in water and can suffer from bulb rot in overly wet conditions.
6. Tulips
Tulips, with their wide array of colors and forms, are a quintessential sign of spring. A member of the lily family, the tulip's genus, Tulipa, includes around 75 wild species and countless cultivars.
Growing tulips successfully involves understanding their native habitat and growing cycle. They originally come from a band stretching from Southern Europe to Central Asia, where the climates are typically cold in the winter, dry in the summer, and have long, cool springs – conditions that stimulate the tulip bulbs to break dormancy and grow.
Tulips are perennial, but many of the larger and more showy hybrid varieties tend to peter out after a few years. If you want a perennial display, opt for species tulips or hardier varieties known for their perennial nature.
Tulips can be prone to some pests, like squirrels, rabbits, or deer. If these animals are a problem for you, you might consider growing daffodils instead.
5. Siberian Iris, Iris siberica
Siberian iris, or Iris sibirica, is a hardy perennial plant known for its elegant, delicate flowers and slender, grass-like leaves. It's native to Northern Asia and Eastern Europe.
While Siberian irises can tolerate a bit of shade, they'll produce the most flowers in a sunny spot. The soil should be rich and well-draining, but unlike many other types of iris, Siberian iris also does well in moist soil, making it a good choice for areas that don't dry out completely.
I wish I knew that before I planted it in my garden, as nobody is ever going to describe it as "moist." However, in its second year it looks like it is hanging in there. If you don't have a moist spot in your garden, substitute bearded iris instead.
4. Snake's Head Fritillary, Fritillaria meleagris
Snake's Head Fritillary, scientifically known as Fritillaria meleagris, is a unique and captivating flowering plant native to Europe. It gets its common name from the checkered pattern on its bell-shaped flowers that some think resemble the skin of a snake.
The flower is quite striking, typically presenting in a chequered pattern in shades of purple, although there is a less common white variety as well. The pendulous, solitary flowers, which appear in spring, have a distinct bell shape and are usually accompanied by a faint, musky scent. The plant grows from a bulb and typically reaches a height of about 30 to 40 cm (about 12 to 16 inches). The slender, grass-like foliage adds to the plant's charm and allows the flowers to take center stage.
Snake's Head Fritillary prefers a location in full sun to partial shade and thrives in rich, well-drained soil. It is often found growing in the wild in damp meadows and at the edges of water bodies, so it also appreciates moisture and can be a good candidate for areas of the garden that are a bit damp.
However it doesn't seem to mind my somewhat dry garden. In its 3rd year, it looks like the spring rain appears to be enough to get it through. I don't expect it to ever naturalize my area like in Monty Don's moist garden, but I still appreciate it nontheless.
3. Grecian Windflower, Anemone blanda
The Grecian Windflower, also known as Anemone blanda, is a charming spring-blooming perennial plant that's part of the buttercup family. This tuberous plant is native to southeastern Europe, Turkey, and Lebanon, and it's well-loved by gardeners for its daisy-like flowers and easy care.
The Grecian Windflower typically grows about 6 to 8 inches tall and wide, making it a lovely choice for the front of a border or for rock gardens. The leaves are deeply divided and feathery, providing an appealing backdrop for the flowers.
Its flowers, which bloom in early to mid-spring, usually coincide with other spring bloomers like daffodils and tulips. The flowers come in shades of blue, pink, or white, often with a contrasting white or yellow center. The blossoms open in response to the sun and close in the evening or on cloudy days.
Grecian Windflower grows from tubers, which are planted in the fall. The tubers are small and hard, and should be soaked in water for a few hours before planting to help jump-start their growth. Plant the tubers about 2 to 3 inches deep and 3 to 4 inches apart. They prefer well-drained soil and can tolerate a range of soil types, from sand to clay.
In terms of light, they do well in partial shade to full sun, but in hotter climates, they appreciate some afternoon shade. Once established, they are fairly drought-tolerant, making them a good option for xeriscaping or low-water gardens.
2. Columbine, Aquilegia
Columbines, scientifically known as Aquilegia, are a family of herbaceous perennials known for their distinctive, bell-shaped, spurred flowers and attractive foliage. Native to meadows and woodlands throughout the northern hemisphere, there are about 60-70 species of columbine, and they are a favorite among gardeners for their hardiness and whimsical appearance.
Columbines generally grow to about 1-2 feet tall, depending on the species and cultivar. Their foliage is delicate and fern-like in appearance, providing an attractive complement to the flowers.
Their flowers, which usually bloom in late spring to early summer, are so cool. They often have a complex, layered look, with a round set of petals (sometimes in a contrasting color) nestled within an outer layer of petal-like sepals, with long, backward-pointing spurs. The flowers come in many colors, including blue, yellow, red, white, and pink, and they are often two-toned.
One of the great things about columbines is their adaptability. They do well in a variety of conditions, though they prefer rich, well-drained soil and a location with full sun to partial shade.
Columbines are pretty easy to grow from seed. I've grown all of mine from seed, and my favorite varieties include Aquilegia vulgaris var. stellata 'Nora Barlow', Aquilegia vulgaris 'Black Barlow', and Aquilegia coerulea 'McKana Giants.'
1. Allium karataviense
Allium krataviense is my very favorite allium and probably in my top 5 favorite plants. It's been in cultivation since the 1800s, and is a low-growing heirloom with a steely, pale purple-pink glow, and broad, glaucous, blue-green foliage with thin red edges.
Alliums are a large family of plants known for their striking, spherical blooms. There are over 700 different species of allium, which include not only ornamental garden varieties but also important culinary plants like onions, garlic, leeks, and chives.
Ornamental alliums are prized by gardeners for their tall, sturdy stems that hold up round clusters of small flowers, forming a globe-like shape that can range from tennis ball to soccer ball size, depending on the species and cultivar. The flowers typically bloom in late spring to early summer and come in various shades of purple, pink, and white. Their unique shape adds an architectural element to the garden and makes them excellent for cut flower arrangements.
One of the wonderful things about alliums is their resilience. They are resistant to deer and rodents, and they have few other pest or disease problems. They are also drought-tolerant once established.
These are my favorite spring blooms in my mountainous, z5 garden. What are yours?
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